Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis, depending on the patient's condition, is used both in combination with medication and independently. For osteochondrosis, the following types of physiotherapy are used: Laser therapy, Detenzor - therapy, Electrotherapy, Shockwave therapy, Magnetotherapy, Mud and Balneotherapy, Ultrasound therapy, Ultraviolet radiation (UFO). After successful relief of the deterioration, massage and physiotherapy exercises appear.
UFO:Under the influence of UVA, vitamin D is formed in the skin, which helps in the absorption of calcium. The method is performed using radiators that have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Ultrasound therapy and phonophoresis:During ultrasound therapy, the body is exposed to high frequency sounds (from 20 kHz or more). Due to its effect, the method relieves pain from various localizations. This method is combined with the introduction of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (hypertrophy) for their better penetration into the affected tissues.
Shock treatment:the method consists in transmitting an acoustic wave to a painful area of the body. This type: eliminates pain, improves microcirculation, improves metabolism.
Detentor Treatment:the method consists in stretching the spine using the patient's body weight.
Laser treatment:the method has a therapeutic effect using a helium-neon laser. Due to the activation of bioelectrical processes in the tissues of the nervous system, laser treatment has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Laser radiation is carried out along the inflamed vertebral roots. With osteochondrosis, an effect is used on the paraesthetic zones of the affected spine.
Electrotherapy:Electrotherapy has a multifaceted effect on the body: it eliminates pain and suffering, improves nutrition and nutrition of infected tissues. Shock currents have a very effective therapeutic effect. Their mechanism of action in the body is determined by the effect on nerve receptors. Low-frequency impulses help eliminate acute pain and are prescribed as first aid for severe pain syndrome. The following types of currents are used: Dynamic therapy (DDT), amplification therapy (SMT), interference therapy, percutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS), UHF electric field.
Magnetotherapy:Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis involves the use of magnetotherapy, which has a decongestant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic effect. The inducers are placed on the affected spine and limbs.
Treatment with bath therapy and mud:Oval therapy for osteochondrosis consists of the use of mineral waters (local and general baths, swimming pools, showers) for the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation. During the process, minerals penetrate the skin and act on receptors and nerve centers.
During mud treatment, the effect on the body occurs under the influence of temperature and the chemical composition of the therapeutic mud. Mud is used in the form of applications.
Valnotherapy stimulates metabolism, improves blood circulation and relieves inflammation and pain.
Combined physiotherapy methods: Combined physiotherapy methods are most often combined for osteochondrosis. For example, with severe pain, diadynamic therapies and electrophoresis (diadynamophoresis) using novocaine are used. For a one-step action on biologically active sites, the laser acupuncture method is used. Its action is to activate points with acupuncture needles and laser radiation.
Mud therapy is often used with electrotherapy (mud solution electrophoresis, mud induction, galvanic mud therapy).
Joint therapy
All diseases of the joints can be divided into two main groups - joint damage, which results from metabolic disorders and inflammation of the joints. Of course, in any case, the treatment of the joints is carried out according to its own special program.
Joint therapy,Whether it is arthritis, arthritis, rheumatism or other disease, it must necessarily be complicated and the main task to be solved with the treatment is to eliminate the cause of the disease and, consequently, the painful symptoms.
Treatment with modern techniques aims to eliminate or minimize pain, signs of local or general inflammation and repair of affected joints. Complicated treatment usually begins with medication.
The patient has been prescribed analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that help restore articular cartilage, strengthen the immune system. Joint treatment at this stage can relieve the symptoms of pain. It often involves intra-articular administration of drugs so that the therapeutic substance in the desired concentration enters directly into the cavity of the diseased joint. This increases the effectiveness of drug therapy.
Further, when the main symptoms of the acute stage are safely eliminated, the treatment is continued with the help of a complex of physiotherapy procedures, exercise therapy exercises, massage. In particular, the treatment of joints with physiotherapy methods is now very widely used.
Pulsed currents (DDT, SMT), magnetotherapy, EHF therapy, laser therapy, drug electrophoresis, ultrasound and phonophoresis are used. When the deterioration subsides, they are associated with balneotherapy (various types of baths) and mud therapy. Physiotherapy and massage are provided.
Treatment of back pain
There are many reasons for these pains. First of all, excruciating pain can occur due to hernia (protrusion) of the intervertebral disc, osteochondrosis and pathology of the nervous system. Most often, back pain occurs in those people who are in the same position for a long time.
And yet the most common reason is lack of physical activity! This reduces blood flow to the joints, joints and intervertebral discs, causing the cartilage that forms them to begin to break down. It is the weakening of the connecting device that is the cause of all diseases of the spine. When pain occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor who will determine its cause, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment.
To reduce the risk of back pain, you need to move more, monitor your weight and do at least minimal exercise (15 minutes a day is enough).
Proper nutrition is also very important - it is one of the keys to good health and longevity and the spine needs protein to maintain flexibility and calcium for strength. Calcium is found in large amounts in hard cheese, liver, nuts, cottage cheese, eggs and protein in meat and dairy products. The bones and ligaments of the spine also need trace elements: phosphorus (found in bran, peas, fish), magnesium and manganese (found in seafood, onions, potatoes), and fatty acids - source nuts, fatty seafoodand olive oil.
When back pain worsens, treatment is started with medication - usually analgesics, diuretics and medications that relieve muscle spasms. However, there are no drugs without side effects, they are used only for a limited time and most importantly, they do not eliminate the cause of back pain and do not prevent recurrence of the disease. In the acute period, treatment methods are used such as traction, as well as wear of collars and corsets, which makes it possible to relieve the diseased spine.
In addition to emergency medicine - drugs that relieve muscle spasms and pain, the most important treatment for osteochondrosis is physiotherapy, which helps reduce pain in the acute period of the disease, improve blood circulation to the tissues, prevent malnutrition of joints, muscles and joints and prevent movement disorders.
Modern physiotherapy is a branch of medicine that has a powerful arsenal of treatment tools; there are two major areas - physiotherapy exercises with massage and electrotherapy. Therapeutic massage is one of the most effective methods of treating osteochondrosis and back pain, as it improves blood circulation to deep tissues and removes muscle blocks ("sphincters"), which are the main cause of severe pain.
One of the most effective methods of electrotherapy is electrophoresis of the drug - it is a means of targeted delivery of drugs to a diseased organ, which improves the blood supply to the tissues.
Pulse currents - DDT, SMT - have a strong analgesic, antispasmodic and nutritional effect. Also, a laser, a magnetic laser is used to treat back pain. This method allows you to quickly relieve the swelling associated with inflammation and, consequently, the pain that occurs in the edematous and compressed tissues.
Magnetotherapy is used in the form of permanent or alternating magnetic fields, it is also able to quickly stop swelling and pain.
D'arsonval currents are effective - they are "ozonated" currents used to relieve painful muscle spasms, high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations that eliminate inflammation and help dissolve scars, increasing tissue elasticity.
Physiotherapy plays a special role in physiotherapy. Its importance is often underestimated, and ultimately, without a complete muscular corset, it is impossible to cure back pain and prevent the recurrence of osteochondrosis.
Physiotherapy is especially important in trauma and in the postoperative period. Its use will help prevent the recurrence of back pain that occurs due to the so-called "motor stereotypes". For example, an office worker who spends his entire working day sitting at a computer or a salesperson whose main workload falls on his feet. Regular exercise that improves health, yoga, Pilates and other types of exercises can also become a very effective way to combat "automation".
Treatment of neck pain
The pain can be caused by various reasons, ranging from muscle spasm to herniated discs in the cervical spine. If a neck pain occurs once (due to a sudden turn of the head, an uncomfortable posture during sleep), then it will probably go away on its own in a few days.
To reduce the pain, you only need to reduce the static load on the neck muscles (do not keep your head tilted for a long time), do not drift with excessive physical exercise, do not make sudden movements of the neck.
If the sore throat is constant or often recurrent, accompanied by headache, numbness of the upper extremities, it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination.
Neck pain physiotherapy aims to relieve pain syndrome, improve blood circulation and microcirculation in the affected area, providing anti-inflammatory and anti-edema effects, eliminating metabolic and dystrophic disorders and reducing disturbances.
Natural agents are used in the treatment stages in internal and external patients, after the patient is discharged from the hospital, as well as in the early postoperative rehabilitation. In the acute period: after 4-5 days (as the severity of the procedure subsides), laser treatment, pulsed currents (SMT, DDT, interference currents), magnet therapy, UFO of the segmental band, darsonvalization of the cervical spine andthe occipital region of the head, the electrophoresis of the substances is prescribed local anesthetic, ganglion blocking action in pain zones.
In the subacute period: phonophoresis with drugs, magnetotherapy, drug electrophoresis, electromagnetic microwave fields (SMV, UHF), laser therapy are used.
In the recession stage: heat therapy is associated, including treatment with ozokerite and mud for the cervical area, valnotherapy (iodine-bromine, turpentine baths, laurel baths, dichophyte baths), underwater massage therapist.
Treatment of low back pain
The sensation of pain in the lower back occurs due to an imbalance of the muscle-ligament device. In this case, microsurgery of the soft tissues occurs, with the result that the chemical irritants (mediators of pain) are released in excess. They cause muscle spasm and back pain.
The origin of lumbodynia is mainly related to osteochondrosis, which is located in the lumbar region. Lumbodynia is characterized by lower back pain with moderate or traumatic factors of lumbodynia: physical fatigue, systematic or excessive physical exertion. abrupt movements of continuous work in "abnormal" or prolonged stay in an uncomfortable position. bruises on the lower back, hypothermia, colds, etc.
The treatment plan for back pain includes the following main points:
- Rest in bed for eight to ten days. At the same time, the bed should be flat and stable. "Resting" on such a surface allows the back muscles to relax.
- Medical treatment of lumbago includes the use of sedative and palliative pain and the use of novocaine exclusions (with severe increasing pain).
From the methods of physiotherapy, you can use the electrophoresis of analgesics, pulsed currents, ultraviolet radiation of partial zones. In the acute period, the patient may be prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets, injections, suppositories or ointments that relieve muscle spasm. Heating creams can be used only during the recovery period (on the third day of deterioration). In the acute period, they can cause swelling and increase pain.
- After the elimination of the acute pain, the treatment with back pain is continued with the help of exercise therapy, massage and manual therapy.
The main task at this stage is to strengthen the muscular corset and reduce the compression of the nerve roots. Special exercises for low back pain help to normalize metabolism, improve blood circulation and nutrition of the intervertebral discs, relieve muscle tension, increase intervertebral space and relieve the spine.
In addition, in the recession stage, acupuncture, hydromassage, metal baths, mud therapy and other physiotherapy are prescribed (see Treatment of back pain). Thanks to this, blood circulation is improved, an anti-inflammatory and absorbent effect is provided.
Physiotherapy treatment
Physiotherapy (from Greek physics - nature and therapy), a branch of medicine that studies the therapeutic properties of natural agents and develops methods for their use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. In modern physiotherapy, low, high, ultra-high and ultra-high frequency magnetic, electric and electromagnetic fields, artificial light radiation (from infrared to ultraviolet and monochrome), mechanical vibrations (from ultrasound to ultrasound) etc. are used.
Natural factors have affected humans throughout its evolution, so physiotherapy procedures have a greater physiological effect on the body than many drugs.
Physiotherapy can be used both independently and in combination with medication, manual therapy, massage, physiotherapy exercises. The variety of factors and techniques used in physiotherapy determines the possibilities of individual effect on the body and targeted effect on the pathological process without negative side effects.
The use of physiotherapy is possible in almost all fields of medicine: otolaryngology, gastroenterology, gynecology, urology, pulmonology, orthopedics and trauma, neurology, surgery, cardiology and more.
There is a fairly wide range of physiotherapy, ie mud therapy, hydrotherapy (various metal and aromatic baths, underwater shower massage), magnet therapy, laser therapy, various types of currents (galvanic, pulse, high frequency), electromagnetic, microwave, EHF, inhaled herbs, halotherapy, shock absorbers, physiotherapy room, qualified masseurs.
Also in the department of natural methods of treatment, therapeutic methods of acupuncture, electrical stimulation for various neurological diseases are performed. All physiotherapy is prescribed by the physiotherapist of the department, taking into account the disease and the general condition of the patient.
Reform
Medical rehabilitation is a set of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, which aims at the maximum possible restoration of the lost abilities of the patient after various diseases.
Rehabilitation also aims to restore the patient's muscle strength, as well as prevent recurrence or complications. Today, medical rehabilitation is not just about prescribing any kind of exercise after discharge from the hospital or a course of physical therapy at the end of the hospitalization period.
Rehabilitation is a complex of activities that includes the participation of doctors from various fields - physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists, speech therapists and others. As a result, it is a complex rehabilitation that allows the patient to recover fully and not partially. The success of the treatment depends on both the correct diagnosis and the best selected and performed treatment, as well as on the correct and timely rehabilitation of the patient.
Rehabilitation has one and only goal - the most complete possible recovery of lost functions in the patient, based on the existing consequences of the injury or disease and the treatment performed.
Depending on the area of application, rehabilitation can be: Orthopedic - performed after injuries and surgeries for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, fractures, spinal malformations and posture disorders. Neurology and neurosurgery is one of the most serious types of rehabilitation, as most specialists are involved in its application - neurologists, physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, etc.
This rehabilitation is required after injuries and operations on the nervous system (brain, spinal cord), with diseases of the peripheral nervous system (nerve bundles), strokes, paralysis and paralysis. Cardiac rehabilitation - rehabilitation after an acute heart attack, with diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
The goal of rehabilitation is the rapid regeneration of muscles with their atrophies associated with prolonged physical inactivity, in order to restore the strength and tone of the limb, to restore full range of motion in the joints after immobilization (after fractures), accelerate the regeneration of cartilage tissue, improve the nutrition of organ and bone tissues, increase mobility with adhesions in the abdominal cavity after abdominal surgery, increase the general tone of the patient and improve the psychomotor condition, relieve pain and swelling after swellingin the joints, restoration of physical activity after strokes, paralysis and paralysis, as well as in the postoperative period in patients after operations related to diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system (after injuries, fractures, bruises and sprains).
It is worth noting that the rehabilitation process itself is based on stimulating the capabilities of the patient under external influence. Physical exercises, modern equipment help to stimulate local and general immunity, improve tissue repair processes, restore blood circulation and lymph.
Medical rehabilitation methods include the following methods: therapeutic gymnastics, massage, kinesiotherapy, physiotherapy, manual therapy, electromuscular stimulation (consists of improving the treatment of nerve impulses in skeletal muscles), psychological help, speech therapy.
It should be noted that one of the key points in any rehabilitation is the physiotherapy methods, which aim to restore lost functions and stimulate movements in the patient, to accelerate repetitive processes in tissues and organs, especially in the musculoskeletal system, the nervoussystem and the circulatory system.
One of the advantages of physiotherapy methods is that they do not use drugs, which means that there is no risk of allergic reactions and side effects, drug dependence does not develop and the treatment methods used are usually non-invasive.
A well-chosen rehabilitation program complex will help the patient recover as soon as possible after an illness, injury or surgery, will restore a sense of free movement and the ability to communicate with people around him without restrictions.